The Truth Of Courage Socrates, Oedipus, And Antigone

Amanda Critelli Philosophy and Literature Final Paper David Bollert December 1st, 2014 The Truth of Courage Courage is often a measure of our self-esteem and will, seen as a great subject for ancient Greeks. It is what makes us individuals different from others, showing what we believe and the power of belief over our will. In Greek literature it can often be seen as the difficult path—an unconscious act of boldness, but before all it is the conscious decision of a person to act despite the danger. Socrates, Oedipus, and Antigone all manifest courage in their own ways. It can be displayed by human and divine acts of courage. One might focus more on self-sacrifice for the good of others, while another for a personal gain or explanation. Ultimately there is no courage without risk. Socrates was one of the first intellectuals in human history. He is the renowned philosopher of ancient Greece, who was known as the most courageous and brave man, by all who followed him. In his wisdom, Socrates truly believed that a life without examination is not w orth living.† Socrates was surrounded by people who were totally devoted to him; who loved, respected, and admired him. Crito and his comrade’s wanted Socrates to run away to safety and begged him to leave Athens to preserve his life. However, Socrates chose to face his death penalty in the same fashion he had lived his life, with a clarity of spirit and lacking fear. In fact, he states that death is a â€Å"blessing†. Socrates hadShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King : A Great Deal Of Courage2332 Words   |  10 PagesCourage is defined as the â€Å"ability to do something that frightens one† or, â€Å"strength in the face of pain or grief.† Three characters that show a great deal of courage in their story’s include, Oedipus from the play Oedipus the King, Antigone from the play Antigone, and Socrates from Plato’s plays The Apology and Crito. All three characters courageously pursued what they thought was right- Oedipus in finding out who his birth parents were and who murdered Laius, Antigone in burying her brother Polynices

The Lord Of The Ring - 841 Words

The Lord of the Ring J.R.R Tolkien Setting the western, middle, and southern region of Middle earth in the third age Character Frodo - a Hobbit with the one ring and has to take it into the land of Mordor and throw it into Mount Doom Sam - a Hobbit who is Frodo’s best friend who helps Frodo on his journey and come with him to the end Peregrin Took - a Hobbit call Pippin, who is Frodo’s friend and he helps Frodo on his journey Merry - a Hobbit who is Frodo’s friend and he helps Frodo on his journey Gandalf the GrayWhite - a wise gray wizard who helps Frodo on his journey and die in Moria and then he turns into a white wizard and gets stronger. Legolas - an elf who helps Frodo on his journey Gimli - a dwarf who helps Frodo on his journey Aragorn - the heir to Gondor s throne who helps Frodo on his Boromir - The stewards son who helps Frodo on his journey Journey who is killed Bilbo - Frodo’s uncle Elrond - an elf who helps Frodo Galadriel - The queen of Lothlorien Chelaborn - The king of Lothlorien Arwen - Aragorn s girl friend Hardir - The leader of the Galadhrim Faramir - The stewards son who helps Frodo on his journey Beregond - Pippin’s friend Imrahil - The prince of Dol Amroth Denethor - The steward Halbarad - The flag bearer of the Gray Company Theoden - The king of Rohan Eomer - The Third Marshal of the Mark Eowyn - Theoden’s daughter Sauron - The dark Lord Saruman - Leader of the White Council Wormtongue - Saruman’s assistant Gollum - a deformed hobbitShow MoreRelatedThe Lord Of The Rings1648 Words   |  7 Pagesand religious truth (or error), but not explicit, not in the known form of the primary real world.† As The Lord Of The Rings is, by Tolkien’s definition, a fairy-story, it would be correct to assume that it, too, contains â€Å"elements of moral and religious truth.† However, many who read Lord Of The Rings dispute the trilogy’s religious content. Tolkien states, The Lord Of The Rings is of course a fundamentally religious and Catholic work†¦ That is why I have not put in, or have cut out, practicallyRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lord Of The Rings The story began as a consequence to Tolkien s 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit, but eventually improved into a much larger employment. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is the second pick-selling surprising ever written, with over 150 million carbon copy sold. The Lord of the Rings is an epopoeia exalted-imagination recent written by English subcreator J. The toil was initially intended by Tolkien to be one roll of a two-volume put, the other toRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1383 Words   |  6 PagesSome stories can affect people emotionally, but once in a while a story can call a person to escape to it. The Lord of the Rings is an enchanting story with masterful use of setting and sensational characters that engages readers and can move them to experience life in a deeper way. As a child J.R.R. Tolkien lived in Africa until his father passed away. Then his mother moved them to England. Mrs. Tolkien made certain that her children learned literature and languages. It was probably due somewhatRead MoreThe Lord Of The Ring1455 Words   |  6 PagesTom Bombadil placed the magic ring on his finger; everyone waited for him to disappear, but nothing happened, and he handed the ring back to Frodo without a slight hesitation. Frodo offered Galadriel the ring and she grew into a horrible creature towering over Frodo, but fought the ringâ€⠄¢s strong temptation, and finally decreasing back to her normal self and declined the powerful ring. Both Tom and Galadriel, in The Lord of the Ring, portray Tolkien’s respect for nature and strong spirituality, becauseRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1549 Words   |  7 PagesDarkness extended over all of Middle-Earth like a veil during the time of war. New laws were enforced and the citizens’ freedom was taken away. Frodo’s magic ring represents the unsustainability of the environment, and the characters of Middle-Earth. In The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien uses the magic ring to reflect the politics of sustainability, by drawing from his own life experiences. Two philosophers, Scruton and Hart write their recipes for sustainability. Scruton believes that finding the rightRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1469 Words   |  6 Pagesauthor of The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre, defined fantasy as â€Å"the creation of a moment of hesitation betw een two worlds†(qtd. Kelly, Course Introduction 2). This description of the genre compliments J.R.R Tolkien’s The Lord Of The Rings trilogy due to the author’s use of sub-creation to construct his alternate world. Tolkien believed that the way to create a believable, all-encompassing world was to combine fragments of reality, or the â€Å"primary world†, together to constructRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1698 Words   |  7 Pagesaudiences. Both of these have had a profound effect on the world, whether it be through changing a way of life or just by making time pass for a few hours. Certain books and movies have played great roles in the world and had many influences. The Lord of the Rings has had a massively positive effect on both literature and film. Its creation has led to many positives and in doing so has become one of the most influential stories ever created. It has also led to some major impacts outside of literature andRead MoreThe Lord Of The R ings999 Words   |  4 Pagesby J.R.R. Tolkien in The Lord of the Rings, where the ultimate power source created contains enough power that the master of the Ring becomes in turn the master of Middle Earth, and absolute power follows in accordance to absolute corruption of he who possesses it. Many a man and creature wields the Ring, falling to the temptation of its power and the poison of its possession, bringing about death and evil life to the masters of the Ring.In Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, the wizard Gandalf renouncesRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe darkness that had extended over Middle-Earth, lifted like a veil the moment the magic ring was destroyed. New laws were enforced and the citizens’ freedom was taken away. In The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien uses the magic ring to reflect the politics of sustainability, therefore exploring the hardships of an unsustainable community. Frodo’s magic ring represents the ruthless act ions of the creatures of Middle-Earth. Two philosophers, Scruton and Hart write their recipes for sustainability. ScrutonRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring takes place in a fantasy world called Middle Earth. In which, a young human-like creature called a hobbit named Frodo Baggins, played by Elijah Wood, enjoys his peaceful life, but yearns for adventure like his infamous uncle Bilbo Baggins. Wood is caught up in an ancient war between good and evil. In this war, Wood is required to encumber a great burden in order to permanently conquer evil. Originally released on December 2001, The Lord of the Rings:

Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business

Question: Describe about the Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business? Answer: Introduction: The major aim of present research was to foresee variations in administrative nationality performance by behaviour and managerial environment with examples derived from a community part association. Administrations nowadays, have to repeatedly discover novel habits to produce in answer to always altering encounters. In current active place of work, fruitful administrations want workers who would do additional than their part necessities. When workforces frequently smear movements that exceed their authorised discrete provisions, they grow the complete operational of the association. Organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is stated as set of optional place of work actions that surpass ones rudimentary job necessities (Escribano and Espejo, 2010). Theyre frequently labelled as activities which go outside the sound of responsibility. Investigation of OCB has been widespread meanwhile its beginning. In 1988 Organ, opposed that OCB is said to be vivacious to the existence of an association. Organ additional enlarged that OCB can make the most of the competence efficiency of together the worker the association that eventually donate to the actual operative of a group. On the whole, organizational citizenship comprises a diversity of actions, for example serving additional workers, offering for additional work, or on behalf of the association in an optimistic light (Alizadeh et al., 2012). Though, more exactly describing, elucidating forecasting organizational citizenship behaviours have showed to be a somewhat problematic effort. For instance, a diversity of dissimilar classifications of OCB kinds have been planned castoff in investigation, with an significant difference completed amid those kinds of OCBs whose recipient is a lone additional separate (example, serving a novel worker get over his/ her initial time on the work) v/s a cluster of persons or an anonymous shared (example, offering the group in an optimistic light to unknowns). Analysis: Therefore, the important drive of the present investigation is to examine the helpfulness of a dissimilar set of possible OCB experiences apparent managerial environment character issues, in the setting of other OCB experiences which have been beforehand considered. For the current investigation reading managerial environment is explained as a set of apparent qualities of a group its subsystems as reproduced in the method an association transactions with its memberships, clusters and matters. Administrative environment is a wide build contained various measurements that catches a large number of the components said as forerunners of hierarchical citizenship practices. Administrative atmosphere scales can take advantage of undertaking attributes, authoritative qualities, and even authority attributes (Carpenter, Berry and Houston, 2013). In a fundamental article, Schneider recommended that administrative atmosphere impacts people's conduct in light of the fact that they attempt to "adjust to accomplish a homeostatic parity with their mental surroundings" (1975). It has been recommended that ace social administrative atmospheres, those described as warm, inviting, steady, and helpful, support hierarchical citizenship practices. By and large, admi nistrative atmospheres, which encourage standards of correspondence, ought to prompt expanded rates of hierarchical citizenship practices. Readings propose that organizational citizenship is a concept which donates to managerial efficiency presentation additional significant consequences for establishments. Though bulk of readings have concentrated on the predecessor of OCB has caused in not more than conclusive suppositions. It is expected that the consequence of this reading will be of hypothetical applied implication. As stated that there are 5 hypotheses: H1: Managerial Environment will be unquestionably connected to OCB. H2: Persona will be genuinely joined with OCB. H3: OCBI will be genuinely affected by persona issues and administrative atmosphere. H4: OCBO will be essentially impacted by identity components and administrative atmosphere. H5: Administrators differ in their OCB as for sexual orientation, age and conjugal status. The specialists involved for this perusing were focal and least level directors; they're professionally able with useful and official works. Totally 250 overviews were scattered to the administrators of which just 220 were gathered back and 215 were discovered complete that are taken for last investigation. The example comprised of 58% male and 42% female. Administrative atmosphere is a multifaceted wonder that is by all accounts associated with specialist guarantee, worker recalling, conclusions of the affiliation, laborer presentation. Studies on the association between administrative atmosphere OCBs are shaky and. Then again, there've been various readings in regards to the relationship in the midst of choice making environment OCB (Bukhari, 2009). The consequences in this reading delivered support that managerial climate is definitely connected to OCB. This reading indorses elucidates the connection amid nature and OCB. The info displays that all the persona influences (with the exception of neuroticism) are definitely connected to both extents of OCB. It consequently delivers substantial sustenance for the all-purpose theory connecting character factor-OCB association. The relationship of identity variables with OCB shows administrators high on extraversion reported that higher level of helping conduct coordinated towards association (OCBO) and in addition towards people (OCBI). This implies that the amiability and kind disposition of extraverts lead to helping conduct toward others and association. It is conceivable that their association with associates is all the more because of friendship of officials. Serving to partners is tapped by the measures of OCBI and serving to association is tapped by the measures of OCBO (Hooi, 2012). Extraverts may be more keen on helping a partner become acquainted with a social club or to make plans for a gathering at home and additionally at working environment. In the current reading, managers who were hard-working stated that they affianced in nationality deeds by diving in to help their colleagues too for the entire association. As predictable, harmonized with the answers in the accessible, thoroughness was definitely connected to OCB (Hakim et al., 2014). This says that, being more worried with job achievement, business progression relational associations, thorough individuals display additional serving deeds focused in the direction of association persons. Maximum of the readings groping persona with respect to OCB infrequently use self-governing processes of OCB, even the hardly any of readings that do so have originate little sustenance for this association. As confirmed in the contemporary training, character is likely to have equivalent associations with OCBO OCBI. Upcoming study might advantage from unique amid separately managerially directed citizenship conducts when exploratory this concepts connotation with persona. To determine the amount of alteration explained by character, all of the persona factors were arrived on the first step. Together, these variables accounted for 17% of the alteration in OCBI. Therefore, friendliness was meaningfully swaying the organizational citizenship actions absorbed in the direction of persons. Consequences, recompenses and relational associations and managerial procedures were too important forecasters as well. Behaviour issues were prognostic of citizenship activities was not surprising. Findings of present study suggest that individually directed helping behaviours are a function of specific persons character in addition to the managerial climate. Though this might be major assumption there are certain stimulating belongings credited to managerial climate which ask for stating (Khaola, 2008). Honesty in the communiqu procedure, relations amid the additional memberships in the association seems to have significant effect on OCBI. So though it might be that courteous workers incline to involve in serving deeds in the direction of related workers, Persons who are great on cordiality incline to be kindly, obliging, polite, supple, accepting, and gullible are additional probable to aid pro-social performance in the direction of companion cluster associates. These performances are too a consequence of actual communiqu within the association. Surely one can see how failures in communiqu can bring about feelings of separation thus frustrate the incidence of serving deeds. This is a vital discovery since there are ways to ease actual communiqu configurations inside administrations (Mahembe and Engelbrecht, 2014). As soon as more is known about the dissimilar penalties credited to OCBI, it might be that developments to zones of communiqu might be used to ease these anticipated consequences. Conclusion: The 4 managerial weather measurements (consequences, plunders relational affairs, structural procedures, lucidity of parts and distribution of info and unselfish conduct) were arrived on the second stage. The consequences of the reading too designated that thoroughness and resourcefulness (that is honesty to involvement) was the important character forecaster of OCBO. Meticulousness is prognostic of OCBO as subsequent standards and guidelines and forecasting and establishing nature of administrators delivers a straightforward ground work for attending to the association (S.Suresh and P. Venkatammal, 2010). Imagination is extrapolative of OCBO since this character peculiarity lets for better directness to the promises of the administrations future state and less decisions of its historical errors. Furthermore the administrative weather magnitudes structural procedures unselfish performance was the important forecaster OCBO. These consequences provision preceding literature which proposes managerial environment scopes and character issues underwrite to organizational citizenship deeds. References: Alizadeh, Z., darvishi, S., Nazari, K. and Emami, M. (2012). Antecedents and Consequences of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB).Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, 3(9). Bukhari, Z. (2009). Key Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the Banking Sector of Pakistan.IJBM, 3(12). Carpenter, N., Berry, C. and Houston, L. (2013). A meta-analytic comparison of self-reported and other-reported organizational citizenship behavior.J. Organiz. Behav., 35(4), pp.547-574. Escribano, P. and Espejo, A. (2010). SUPPORTING OR CHALLENGING THE STATUS-QUO: ANTECEDENTS OF OCB AND TAKING CHARGE BEHAVIORS.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2010(1), pp.1-6. Hakim, W., Nimran, U., Haerani, S. and Alam, S. (2014). The Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and TheirEffect on Performance:Study on Public University in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(2), pp.05-13. Hooi, L. (2012). Organisational justice, organisational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction: what is the relationship?.JIBED, 6(3/4), p.274. Khaola, P. (2008). Organisational citizenship behaviour within learning environments.The International Journal of Management Education, 7(1), pp.73-80. Mahembe, B. and Engelbrecht, A. (2014). The relationship between servant leadership, organisational citizenship behaviour and team effectiveness.SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 40(1). S.Suresh, and P. Venkatammal, (2010). Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour.Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36(2), pp.276-286.